Know Your Screening Options
For most adults at average risk, colorectal cancer screening starts at 45. I built this page to make the options clearer and to explain when symptoms call for medical evaluation instead.
Start the Conversation
at Age 45
American Cancer Society Guidance
People at average risk should begin regular colorectal cancer screening at 45. Screening generally continues through 75 for people in good health with a life expectancy of more than 10 years. From 76 through 85, the decision should be individualized with a healthcare professional. Screening is not recommended after 85.
Age is only one factor
Risk history can change the timeline
Screening Can Prevent Cancer
Some screening tests can find and remove precancerous polyps before they become cancer.
There Is More Than One Option
Colonoscopy, stool-based tests, and other visual exams use different schedules and preparation.
The Best Test Is One You Complete
A healthcare professional can help match a screening method to your risk, preferences, and access.
Common Screening Options
These intervals apply to people at average risk. A healthcare professional can help determine which test and schedule fit you.
Colonoscopy
Examines the colon and rectum and allows polyps to be removed during the procedure. For average risk, the interval is generally every 10 years when results are normal.
FIT
A fecal immunochemical test checks a stool sample for hidden blood. It is completed at home and repeated every year. High-sensitivity gFOBT is another yearly stool-based option.
Multi-target Stool Tests
These at-home tests look for DNA or RNA markers linked to colorectal cancer. Some also test for hidden blood. Current guidance lists a three-year interval for average-risk screening.
Other Visual Exams
CT colonography and flexible sigmoidoscopy are additional options, generally performed every five years for average-risk screening.
An abnormal result needs follow-up
A positive FIT or another abnormal non-colonoscopy screening result is not a cancer diagnosis. Hidden blood can come from polyps, cancer, or noncancerous conditions. A timely colonoscopy is needed to determine the cause.
Symptoms are different from screening
Screening is for people without symptoms. Rectal bleeding, persistent bowel changes, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or ongoing fatigue deserve medical evaluation at any age.
Who should talk with a clinician earlier?
People with a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or certain polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, an inherited cancer syndrome, or prior abdominal or pelvic radiation may need to begin earlier or use a different schedule.
This page provides general education, not individualized medical advice. Talk with a qualified healthcare professional about the option and timing that fit your history.
Sources: American Cancer Society screening recommendations and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
